An Experiential Anthropology Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

An Experiential Anthropology - Dissertation Example Cultural anthropology or socio-cultural anthropology is the study of culture (Delaney, 2004). Cultural anthropology centers on ethnography, which refers to either the methodology or the product of research i.e. a book or monograph. Ethnography is largely inductive, relying on participant observation. Under cultural anthropology lies the ethnology technique that focuses on the systematic comparison of various cultures. Ethnography utilizes the process of participant-observation. Cultural anthropology focuses on the study of kinship and covers other areas such as political and economic organization, conflict resolution and law, consumption patterns, technology, material culture, infrastructure, ethnicity, gender relations, religion, myth, socialization, values, etiquette, language, festivals, recreation, and sports among others. Biological or physical anthropology, on the other hand, refers to anthropological research centered on the examination of human and non-human primates within t heir evolutionary, demographic, and biological dimensions. In essence, biological anthropology examines the social and biological influencers of the evolution of mankind and primates which create, sustain, or alter physiological and genetic variations. Biological anthropology involves the study of primatology, which involves the examination of non-humans within their geographical environments to learn about the abilities and behavioral patterns of primates (Delaney, 2004). Biological anthropology also involves the study of human biology, which involves examining human diversity, non-cultural adaptations with regard to environmental elements, and genetic inheritance patterns. Archaeological anthropology refers to the examination of human records by examining its artifacts. This study involves the examination of material remains of human beings to discover how people lived. For instance, pieces of artifacts like tools and pottery provide evidence of cultural and social lives of past s ocieties. Archaeological anthropologists are typically detectives who uncover evidence through excavating, dating and analyzing material remains of past societies. This means archaeologists have a deep comprehension of the expansion of human civilizations and societies by analyzing human ancestors. Linguistic anthropology or anthropological linguistics aims at understanding the development of human communication, language variations through space and time, verbal and non-verbal communication, social functions of language, and the link between culture and language. Linguistic anthropology links linguistic analysis and methods to the interpretation of sociocultural processes. In order to do this, linguistic anthropologists draw on fields such as cognitive linguistics, discourse analysis, sociolinguistics, semiotics, narrative analysis, and pragmatics.  

Relationship Between Theories of Motivation Assignment - 78

Relationship Between Theories of Motivation - Assignment Example Stacy Adam’s equity theory states that people are motivated when they feel fairly or advantageously treated as opposed to when they feel disaffection and demotivated due to unfair treatment (Mind Tools) while Vroom in his expectancy theory, stated that employees are realized to do what they can do when they want to do it (Vroom). According to his expectancy factors of Expectancy, Instrumentality and Valence, this theory has an implication in Adam’s equity theory in that as equity theory explains that the input of an employee is commensurate to their expectation of the organization, an employee, therefore, requires to work hard so as to achieve their desired level of performance. It means one who puts a little effort will expect little outcome from the organization, therefore, the motivation is brought about by the level of performance one would like to achieve. Since Vroom believes that successful performance will be followed by rewards and desirable outcomes, therefore , the equity theory enables one to only expect an outcome just compared to the amount of effort they put in the organization. Edward Locke introduces the third theory: the goal-setting theory, which enhances satisfaction and work performance (Mind Tools). Managers and leaders must work together with others so as to set the right goals in the right way and set harder goals since the harder the goal, the higher the motivation. However, the goals must be Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Timely (SMART) (Reilly, Minnick and Baack). According to Vroom, hard work pays and when an employee expects a high compensation in terms of pay or praise, they must work hard for it. So, the goal setting theory will help the employee to achieve better job performance since they will be able to set hard goals which come with  high motivation hence enable them to achieve what they believed to be high dreams.